Which of the following is NOT classified as a foul but produces similar results to penalties?

The disqualification of a player is not classified as a foul under the rules because it involves a player being removed from the game due to actions that violate specific conduct expectations, rather than a common act of play deemed improper by the officials. While the other options involve infractions during gameplay that directly result in penalties against a team, disqualification does not fall under standard fouls or their usual consequences. This is significant because disqualifying a player can impact team performance just like a penalty would, but it is handled distinctly in the official rulebook.

In contrast, offensive pass interference, holding, and first touching are all classified as fouls that carry penalties, affecting field position and game flow directly through enforcement. This distinction helps clarify the nature of various infractions and their implications on the game, emphasizing that disqualification is a unique occurrence that significantly alters team dynamics without categorizing it within typical foul classifications.